title: Frameworks
description: Kerangka untuk melakukan evaluasi klinik
OPQRST
Assessing pain
{% table %}
- Word
- Description
- Onset
- When does the pain start?
—
- Provocation
- What makes the pain worse or better?
—
- Quality
- What is the character of the pain?
—
- Radiation
- Does the pain radiate?
—
- Severity
- Rate the pain on a scale from 0 to 10 (with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain possible)
—
- Timing/Treatment
- How long have you had the pain? Has the pain been persistent or intermittent over this period of time? What has been done to treat the pain?
{% /table %}
As taught by:
- dr. Muhadi, Sp.PD-KKV, FINASIM di Diskusi Penalaran Klinis: Nyeri Dada
SOCRATES
Menilai nyeri, lebih detail
{% table %}
- Letter
- Word
- Description
- S
- Site
- Where is the pain? Or the maximal site of the pain.
—
- O
- Onset
- When did the pain start, and was it sudden or gradual? Include also whether it is progressive or regressive.
—
- C
- Character
- What is the pain like? An ache? Stabbing?
—
- R
- Radiation
- Does the pain radiate anywhere?
—
- A
- Associations
- Any other signs or symptoms associated with the pain?
—
- T
- Time
- course Does the pain follow any pattern?
—
- E
- Exacerbating/relieving factors
- Does anything change the pain?
—
- S
- Severity
- How bad is the pain?
{% /table %}
As taught by:
Nine Regions of Abdomen
- Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
- Epigastric
- Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- Right flank
- Periumbilical
- Left flank
- Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
- Hypogastric (midline below the umbilicus)
- Left lower quadrant (LLQ)